清华简《筮法》与数字卦问题

The Shifa (Divination Methods) in the Tsinghua Collection of Bamboo Slip Manuscripts and the Issue of Digital Divinatory Symbols

清华大学藏战国竹简中有《筮法》一篇,共简63支,保存较好,入藏时其一部分仍保持成卷原状。《筮法》文字分格书写,并附图表,看来很像一幅帛书,在同时竹简中罕见。篇文详述占筮的理论原则,有一系列以数字卦形式表示的具体卦例,说明判定卦象吉凶的方法。全篇仅用八经卦,卦名与《归藏》基本一致,不见别卦及彖象辞。所绘卦位图和人身图,近似《说卦》所述而有明显差异。这一发现为理解考古文物中所见数字卦提供了前所未知的线索和依据。

In the Tsinghua Collection of Bamboo Slip Manuscripts, there is a book named Shifa （Divination Methods）, which contains 63 slips and was well preserved when it was received; a part of it was still in the original scroll status. The Shifa was written in grids and with charts attached, making it look like a silk book, which is rare in the bamboo slips. This book elucidated the theoretical principles of divination and provided a series of concrete samples represented by digital divinatory symbols to explain the ways to judge the divination results as good or ill. The entire book used only the trigrams, and their names are generally the same as that in Guicang （Reverting to the Hidden）; no hexagrams, tuan （judgment） and xiang （image statement） are seen. The diagrams of Eight Trigram directions and body part mapping drawn in the charts are similar to that in the narration in Shuogua （Discussion of the Trigrams） but with obvious differences. This discovery provided unprecedented clues and evidences for understanding the digital divinatory symbols seen in the archaeological work.