连接多层次人类福祉的生态系统服务分类框架

Ecosystem services and hierarchic human well-being: Concepts and service classification framework

千年生态系统评估提出将"生态系统服务与人类福祉"作为未来生态学研究的核心内容,相关研究日益增多。然而,当前学界对生态系统服务的定义和分类仍存在争论,概念的混乱导致研究中对服务理解的分歧。本文在综述国内外主要生态系统服务定义和分类方案的基础上,利用从生态系统服务到人类福祉的服务级联框架,辨析生态系统服务形成过程中不同级联的联系和区别,探讨人类福祉的内涵及其与生态系统服务的联系,提出使用终端生态系统服务来连接生态系统与人类福祉,以此建立连接服务与多层次人类福祉的服务分类框架。根据终端生态系统服务所产生收益与不同层次人类福祉的关联,将生态系统服务划分为福祉构建、福祉维护和福祉提升3大服务类别。这种服务分类框架可为生态系统服务评估以及服务与人类福祉耦合关系的相关研究提供帮助。

Millennium Ecosystem Assessment suggested ＂ecosystem service and human well-being＂ as the key area in future ecology research. There are a growing number of researches that have focused on this topic. However, debates still go on over the definition and classification of ecosystem service among scientific communities. Confusions in concepts resulted in different understandings of ecosystem services in practical research. This paper reviewed the mainstream definitions and classifications of ecosystem service and discriminated the different service cascades in the delivery of ecosystem service from ecosystem to human well-being. By investigating the essence of human well-being concept and its connection to ecosystem service, the concept of final ecosystem service is used for linking ecosystem and human well-being and thereby a service classification framework for this linkage was developed. Final ecosystem services are classified into three categories, which are well-being construction, well-being maintenance, and well-being improvement based on the contributions of their produced benefits to different hierarchies of human well-being. The service classification framework can be applied in relevant studies such as evaluation of the ecosystem service and analysis of the coupling relationship between ecosystem service and human well-being.