神经氨酸酶抑制剂扎那米韦的药理作用与临床应用

Pharmacologic effects and clinical application of neuraminidase inhibitor zanamivir

扎那米韦是一种神经氨酸酶抑制剂,为WHO推荐的抗流感病毒药物。扎那米韦分子极性强、水溶性大、组织渗透能力差,经口腔吸入或滴鼻给药,可使局部药物浓度高,从而快速有效地抑制病毒的复制和扩散。扎那米韦可用于成人或儿童的甲型或乙型流感的预防和治疗,经口腔吸入或滴鼻给药法可减少用药剂量和不良反应发生率。

Zanamivir, the neuraminidase inhibitor, is recommended by World Health Organization （WHO） for curing influenza infection. Zanamivir has strong molecular polarity, high solubility in water and poor tissue penetration capacity. Oral inhaled or intranasal zanamivir can make high local drug concentrations and inhibit the replication and release of viral particles effectively and fast. Zanamivir is approved for the treatment and prophylaxis of influenza A and B infection in adult and pediatric patients. Oral inhaled or intranasal administration can decrease the drug dosage and the incidence of adverse reactions in patients with influenza infection.