广东经济发达与欠发达地区变应性鼻炎变应原调查及分析

Clinical survey and analysis of allergic rhinitis patients' allergens in Guangdong developed and developing regions

目的:调查分析广东省珠三角经济发达与珠三角外经济欠发达地区变应性鼻炎疑似患者变应原检出情况以及相关影响因素。方法:采用16种标准化变应原对858例来自广东珠三角经济发达地区和珠三角外欠发达地区疑似变应性鼻炎患者进行皮肤点刺试验及相关因素调查,并比较两组患者的变应原种类分布和阳性率差别以及其与年龄、性别、体重、家族史的关系。结果:珠三角发达地区变应原皮肤点刺阳性率前6位分别为:屋尘螨(55.4%)、粉尘螨(53.9%)、热带螨(38.3%)、狗毛(11.8%)、德国小蠊(11.5%)、猫毛(8.1%);珠三角外欠发达地区:粉尘螨(50.4%)、热带螨(48%)、屋尘螨(47.2%)、德国小蠊(13.4%)、猫毛(8.7%)、狗毛(7.1%)。两组间比较仅热带螨差异有统计学意义。不同地区相同年龄段患者变应原阳性检出率比较,只有15～18岁有差异,但两地区患者变应原检出率都表现为19～30岁患者最多,并向两侧呈递减趋势。体重、家族史、性别在两地间点刺阳性病例中比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但家族史与阳性率有显著相关性(P<0.05)。结论:屋尘螨、粉尘螨、热带螨、狗毛、德国小蠊以及猫毛是珠三角经济发达地区与珠三角外欠发达地区的主要变应原,但它们在两地区的排名略有不同。热带螨阳性检出率以及15～18岁患者变应原总体阳性检出率在珠三角外欠发达地区为高。另外,变应原阳性检出率仅与家族史有关外,与患者性别、体重无关。

Objective：To survey and analyze the allergic rhinitis patients＇ allergens in developed region of Pearl River Delta and developing region out of Pearl River Delta in Guangdong. Method： Sixteen standard allergens were adopted for skin prick test and correlation factors were studied on 858 cases suspected allergic rhinitis from devel- oped region of Pearl River Delta and developing region out of Pearl River Delta. Two regions patients＇ sorts of al- lergen and their detection rate were compared, and the relationship between allergen positive rate and age, gender, body weight, family history was analyzed. Result： The 6 kinds allergen with higher positivity in developed region of Pearl River Delta are dermatophagoides pteronyssimls（55.4 %）, dermatophagoides eulinae（53.9% ）, tropical mite （38.3 % ）, dog hair（11.8 ~ ）, blattella germanica（ 11.5 % ） and eat hair（8.1 % ） ; that [rom developing region out of Pearl River Delta are dermatophagoides culinae （ 50.4 % ）, tropical mite（48.0 % ）, dermatophagoides pteronyssi- nus（47.2% ）, blattella germanica（ 13.4 % ）, cat hair（8.7 }4 ） and dog hair （7.1% ）. There is no significant differ- ence of allergen positivity between the patients from the two regions except tropical mite. The positive rate in 15-- 18 years old patients was also different in the two groups. The positive rate was highest in the age from 19 to 30 years old,with a decreasing trend in younger and elder patients. There is no significant difference of the allergen positive rate between the both groups with hody weight, family history and gender（P〈0.05）. A higher allergen positivity was found in the patients with family history（ P〈0.05 ）. Conclusion： Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, dermatophagoides culinae, Tropical mite, dog hair, blattella germanica and cat hair are the major allergens in developed region of Pearl River Delta and developing region out o[ Pearl River Delta in Guangdong, hut their ranking has some difference in the two regions. Patients with family history had a higher allergen positive rate.