牛皮清洁制革与常规工艺中主要污染物的产污系数对比

Comparation on Emission Factor of Main Pollutants between Clean and Conventional Techniques

以进口澳洲牛沙发蓝湿革加工工艺为研究对象，对制革清洁工艺与常规工艺的总CODCr（TCODCr）、溶解性CODD（DCODCr）、TS、氨氮、TN等污染物的产生规律及产污系数进行了对比研究。结果表明：在整个加工过程中，TS产生的CODCr，占TCOD020％，浸灰工序TS产生的CODCr占TCODQ的25％～30％，通过保毛脱毛可使该工序的TCODCr、DCODCr和TSS浓度分别降低30％、15％和40％，比常规工艺总产污量分别降低15％、12％和25％，但对氨氮和TN产污量影响不大；无铵脱灰可使该工序氨氮和TN浓度分别降低99％和65％，比常规工艺总产污量分别降低60％和28％。以“保毛脱毛＋无铵脱灰”为核心的清洁工艺，主要污染物产污系数为TCODc，131kg／t皮，DCODCr 109kg／t皮，TS87kg／t皮，氨氮1kg／t皮，TN5．79kg／t皮，常规工艺的为TCODCr 153kg／t皮，DCODc，126kg／t皮，TS 117kg／t皮，氨氮3．03kg／t皮，TN7．45kg／t皮，对第一次全国污染源普查相关数据进行了修正与完善。

Taking imported Australian wet blue sofa leather processes as objects, pollutants production regularity and emission factor of TCODCr, DCODCr, TS, ammonia nitrogen, TN between clean and conventional techniques were comparatively studied. The results show that during the whole machining process, TS contributs 20% to TCODCr, in liming process TS contributs 25% -30%. The concentration of TCODCr ,DCODCr and TS can be reduced 30%, 15% and 40% respectively in liming process by hair - saving li- ming, and total fouling coefficient of TCODCr, DCODCr and TS can be reduced 15%, 12% and 25% respectively, but it has little impact on the total fouling coefficient of ammonia nitrogen and TN. Comparing to conventional technique, the concentration of ammo- nia nitrogen and TN can be reduced 99% and 65% by ammonnium - free diliming and bating, total emission factor of ammonia nitrogen and TN can be reduced 60% and 28%. The research shows that the total emission factor of TCODcr, DCODCr, TS, ammonia nitrogen and TN in the clean process of hair preserving unhairing by ammonnium -free diliming and bating are 131.92kg/t raw hide, 109.56kg/t raw hide, 87.59kg/t raw hide, l kg,/t raw hide, 5.79kg/t raw hide respectively. The total emission factor in conven- tional technique are 153.45kg/t raw hide, 126.02kg/t raw hide, 117.61kg/t raw hide, 3.03kg/t raw hide, 7.45kg/t raw hide.The results can modify and improve the datum from the first national pollution source census.