咸阳市城乡学龄前儿童蛲虫感染情况及相关因素调查

Investigation on Pinworm Infection and Relative Factors on Prevalence among Urban and Rural Preschool Children in Xianyang City

2012年3～5月采用透明胶纸法对咸阳市区和农村8所幼儿园的3～7岁共886名儿童进行蛲虫感染情况调查，同时对儿童卫生习惯、临床症状和幼儿园卫生状况进行问卷调查。受检儿童蛲虫总感染率为11．2％（99／886）。男童、女童感染率分别为10-4％（52／500）和12．2％（47／386）。农村儿童感染率（19．1％，70／367）明显高于城区儿童（5．6％，29／519）（x^2=39．39，P〈0．01）。不同年龄组中，4—5岁组的感染率最高（12．7％，29／229），不同年龄之间的差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。经多因素非条件Logistic回归分析显示，饭前便后是否洗手（OR=0．180）、是否有生食生饮习惯（OR=2．473）、是否经常清洗肛周（OR=0．836）、是否勤剪指甲（OR=0．450）、是否定期晾晒被褥（OR=0．224）、是否定期卫生宣教（OR=0．639）是蛲虫感染的影响因素。儿童感染蛲虫后，肛周瘙痒和夜间磨牙症状明显。

A total of Eight hundred eighty-six children from 3 to 7 years old in 8 kindergartens were sampled in urban and rural area in Xianyang City from March to May 2012. The cellophane tape swab technique was used to examine pinworm eggs. Children＇s hygiene habits, clinical symptoms and hygienic condition were surveyed by questionnairing. The total infection rate of pinworm was 11.2%（99/886）. The rate in males and females was 10.4% （52/500） and 12.2%（47/386）, respectively. The infection rate in rural kindergartens （19.1%, 70/367） was higher than that of urban kindergartens （5.6%, 29/519）（x^2=39.39,P〈0.01）. Among the investigated children aged 3-7 years, the infection rate in 4-5 years group （12.7%） was the highest, but no statistical difference was found among age groups（P〉 0.05）. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the hygiene habits such as washing hands before eating （OR= 0.180）, drinking unboiled water and eating non-cooked food（OR=2.473）, cleaning perianal region frequently（OR=0.836）, cutting nails frequently （OR=0.450）, drying the quilt regularly （OR=0.224） and health education （OR=0.639） were the influence factors on pinworm infection. The main symptoms of pinworm infection include pruritus and bruxism.