美国能源部国家实验室的管理机制

Managing Mechanism of National Laboratories of U.S.DOE

美国国家实验室分别隶属于不同的政府部门,分为政府拥有、政府管理(GOGO)和政府拥有、承包商管理(GOCO)两大类,每个政府部门对其下属的国家实验室按照类别不同,采取不同的管理方式,其中以能源部对国家实验室的管理最为典型。对能源部国家实验室的管理机制进行了研究,该部所属的17个国家实验中有16个采用GOGO模式。此模式更有利于对国家的研究重点和社会需求做出快速响应,能更灵活有效地配置各种资源,并可以充分利用大学和企业的成功研发和管理经验,从而提高研发效率。

The national laboratories of U.S. are affiliated to different federal departments, divided into two types including the Government-Owned and Government-Operated （GOGO） national laboratories and the Government-Owned and Contractor-Operated （GOCO） ones. The departments adopt different management modes for different type of laboratories. The paper analyses the management mechanism of the US＇s national laboratories affiliated to Department of Energy, 16 laboratories out of 17 being the GOCO type. The GOCO mode is better for laboratories to promptly respond to the national research emphasis and social needs, and to allocate all kinds of resources flexibly and efficiently. In the meantime, the GOCO laboratories have advantages in applying R＆D results and manag,ement experiences coming from universities and enterprises to improve their R＆D efficiency.