论晋国历史上的土地赏赐

On the Land Reward Policy in Ancient Jin

春秋时期的晋国曾进行过频繁的土地赏赐活动。从宏观来看,晋国土地赏赐的高潮呈现阶段性的特征;土地赏赐的对象比较庞杂;土地赏赐的数量庞大;论功行赏是土地赏赐的原则。所赐土地来源以对外战争掠夺为主而以没收罪臣土地为辅。土地赏赐是国家应付政治危机的重要手段;激发了晋国各级将士作战的积极性;也为晋国笼络了人才。然而,土地赏赐也刺激了卿大夫间争夺土地的政治斗争,导致了"本弱枝强"政治格局的形成,加剧了晋国公室的灭亡。

Ancient Jin had frequent land reward activity during the Spring and Autumn Period. From the macro point of view, the climax of land reward had characteristics of stage. The object of the land reward which had the principle of rewarding according to deserts was complex and the number was large. The main source of rewarding land was the plun- der of foreign war, and then the confiscation of criminal ministers. The land reward policy was important approach to solve the political crisis, which could inspire the soldiers＇ fighting activety, and could get round the talent in ancient Jin. Nevertheless, the land reward policy stimulated the political struggle of fighting for land among high officials, it resulted in form- ing the political situation of locality more powerful than central authorities,and aggravated the perish of ancient Jin.