高水头泄水建筑物侧墙突扩侧空腔水力特性研究

Lateral Cavity Hydraulic Characteristics of High Head Discharge Structure with Lateral Sudden Enlargement

在前期研究的基础上,对高水头明流泄水建筑采用侧墙突扩和底部突跌联合掺气掺气形式时,侧空腔的影响因素和规律进行了试验研究。根据试验结果分析得出:水流经过掺气坎后,在侧墙上的落水位置主要取决于水舌的横向扩散能力和底部的压力分布,底板上的冲击压力对水舌的横向扩散能力有显著影响,冲击压力是影响侧空腔形成的内因。对侧墙突扩掺气坎形式而言,影响侧空腔长度的主要因素有跌坎高度、突扩宽度和来流佛氏数。

The effect factors and laws are studied by model test method for the spillway tunnel aerator with sudden lateral enlargement and vertical drop of high head discharge structure. The experiential studies indicat that the falling position of water flow on lateral wall depends on the transverse spreading ability of water flow and pressure distribution of soleplate, and the impact pressure on soleplate has significant effects on the transverse spreading ability of water flow after the water flows through aerator. The impact pressure is the internal cause influencing the lateral cavity to form. For the aerator with sudden enlargement on both sides and a vertical drop on the bottom, the main factors of forming the lateral cavity is the height of vertical dropping, the width of enlargement and the Froude number.