高学历失业问题:国际比较与中国实际

The Issue of Unemployment of Talents with Advanced Degree:International Comparisons and the Case of China

近年来,伴随着高等教育大众化的发展,高学历失业问题凸显,并受到越来越多的关注。数据比较分析表明,与世界其他国家和地区相比,中国的高学历失业并不算严重,而且中国劳动力人口受教育结构重心相对偏低。同时,失业人口教育程度构成受产业结构和总体教育水平与结构的影响。通过中国近年来就业总量和结构变动的分析,我国就业总量压力的确存在,但是并不突出。特别是,考虑到职业需求缺口与供给缺口并存、劳动力过剩与劳动力短缺并存的矛盾,高学历者失业主要应当是结构性矛盾,与整个劳动力市场结构紧密相关,由此文章提出了一个简单的劳动力市场改进模型。文章提出,高等教育本身应当与本国经济社会发展相适应,但更重要的是,要从改进整体的劳动力结构的途径中去解决高学历失业问题。

In recent years,with the popularization of high-degree education,the unemployment of talents with advanced degree？has become an？ever-prominent issue.Compared with other countries and regions in the world,the data comparison analysis shows that,highly educated unemployment in China is not so serious,while the education structure focus of Chinese labor force is much lower.Meanwhile the structure of unemployment education degree is determined by the industry structure and the general education level.The analysis of total employment and it structural change in recent years shows that the employment pressure in China is not so prominent if exists.Particularly,considering the coexistence of occupation demand gap and occupation supply surplus and also the contradiction of labor surplus and labor shortage,highly educated unemployment is due to structural imbalance,which is closely related to the general market structure.Based on these analyses,this paper puts forward a simple labor market improved model.We suggest that higher education should adapt itself to the development of economy and society,while more importantly,we must improve the overall structure of the labor force to solve the problem of highly educated unemployment.