不同水分处理对茄子生长与产量品质的影响

Effects of different water treatments on growth,yield and quality of greenhouse eggplant

为指导日光温室节水灌溉和增产,以京茄一号为对象,控制灌水下限为田间持水率(FC)的90%(T1),80%(T2),70%(T3),60%(T4),在日光温室内研究了滴灌条件下不同水分处理对茄子冠层发育、根系生长、果实产量及品质的影响.结果表明:株高、茎粗、叶面积和地上部干重均随着土壤水分下限的降低呈先增大后减小的趋势,T2(80%FC)大于其他3个处理.茄子根系主要分布在0～40cm土层,随着深度的增加迅速减少,不同处理总根长密度和总根表面积密度均随灌水下限降低呈下降趋势.T2处理产量最高,分别为T1的1.03倍、T3的1.13倍、T4的1.14倍,不同处理之间差异无统计学意义.土壤含水率过高或过低会降低果实中的粗纤维质量分数和硝态氮质量分数,较高的土壤水分下限有利于果实中氨基酸的形成,而还原性VC质量分数随着土壤水分下限的降低而降低.灌水下限为80%FC时对茄子的生长最为有利,该处理下冠层发育、根系生长、果实产量及品质均处于较高水平.

In order to improve water-saving irrigation and eggplant yield in greenhouse,through experiments under drip irrigation in the greenhouse,the effect of different field water capacities（respective irrigation minima of 90% of FC,80% of FC,70% of FC,60% of FC,hereinafter referred as T1,T2,T3 and T4） on the crop growth,root development,fruit yield and quality were studied.The results show that,as soil water content threshold declined,plant height,stem diameter,leaf area and aboveground biomass first increased and then decreased.T2 is better than the other three treatments.Eggplant roots are mainly distributed in soil depth between 0-40 cm,which is rapidly reduced as soil depth increases.Total root length density and total root surface area density decreased as irrigation minima decreased.The highest yield was obtained under T2,which is 1.03 of T1,1.13 of T3 and 1.14 of T4 respectively.There is no significant difference between the four different treatments.The crude fiber content and nitrate content in the fruit are reduced when soil moisture content is too high or too low.Higher soil moisture is conducive to the amount of amino acids in the fruit,whereas reducing VC content decreased as irrigation minima decreased.To sum,T2 is the best irrigation minimum treatment for the growth of eggplant.Under T2,the growth,yield and quality of eggplant is better.