清乾隆《益象征农图》研究

A Study on Pictures of Yi Xiang Zheng Nong in the Qianlong Reign

乾隆年间,身为侍郎兼管顺天府的钱汝诚向乾隆帝进献了一册《益象征农图》。它描绘了皇帝亲耕仪式所使用的24件农具,是我国古代唯一专门描绘农具的图册。该图册的进献时间,当在乾隆二十六年三月至乾隆三十年四月间。其进献目的是使乾隆皇帝熟知耕耤仪式的农具,导扬清代的重农、劝农思想。图册的编排,以每件农具图附加释文的形式呈现,释文重在追溯历史、摭采方名、功用介绍。文章还对部分农具的释文进行了校释,纠正了一些误引文献。

In the Qianlong reign, Qian Rucheng, who was a vice minister and the governor of Shuntian Prefecture, presented a set of Pictures of Yi Xiang Zheng Nong to Emperor Qianlong. Depicting 24 implements to be used for the ceremony of planting grain, the set of pictures is only one set of farm implement pictures in ancient China. This paper makes a textual research on the time of pres- entation, which was from the third month of the 26th year to the fourth month of the 30th year of Qianlong reign. The aim of presentation was to enable Emperor Qianlong be familiar with these im- plements used in the ceremony of planting grain, advocate and encourage the idea of giving priority to agriculture. In compiling aspect, each farm implement is shown by picture with interpretation. The key points of the interpretations lie in tracing back to their history, collecting their popular nalnes, and introducing their function and usage. Furthermore, the paper emends some explanations of these farm implements and corrects some mistakes about references cited.