超磁致伸缩材料传感/执行器的原理与应用

Principle and Application of Giant Magnetostrictive Sensors and Actuators

超磁致伸缩材料作为一种新型功能材料,具有大磁致伸缩系数、高能量密度、低磁场驱动、高磁机转换效率以及快速响应等优点,在精密驱动技术中得到应用。利用磁致伸缩正效应可以开发微位移执行器、力驱动器和振动器等;利用磁致伸缩逆效应可以开发力、力矩和位移传感器以及能量转换器;利用磁致伸缩正逆耦合效应可以开发集驱动、力测量、输出力感知和输出力可控等功能于一体的器件,应用于精密驱动领域。在分析了磁致伸缩正效应、逆效应以及正逆耦合效应机理的基础上,阐述了超磁致伸缩传感器、执行器以及传感执行一体化器件的开发原理及其应用现状。

Giant magnetostrictive materials(GMM)as a new type of functional materials have been used in the precise actuator technique,due to their excellent advantages of large magnetostriction,high energy density,low driving magnetic field,high magnetomechanical coupling coefficient and fast response capability.GMM can be used as the core element in many devices.On the one hand,micro displacement actuators,force actuators and vibrators can be developed on the basis of positive magnetostrictive effect;on the other hand,force sensors,torque sensors,displacement sensors and energy converters can be developed on the basis of inverse magnetostrictive effect.Moreover,GMM devices which have driving,force measuring,output force sensing and output force controllable functions can be developed on the basis of coupling effect between positive and inverse magnetostrictive effects,and used in the field of precision driving.The positive magnetostrictive effect,inverse magnetostrictive effect and coupling effect between positive and inverse magnetostrictive effects are analyzed.Based on the analyses,the development principle and application status of giant magnetostrictive sensors,actuators and devices with driving and sensing functions are stated.