水稻抗稻瘟病基因的分子标记与标记辅助育种研究进展

Advances in molecular markers of blast resistance genes and marker-assisted breeding in rice

稻瘟病是水稻最严重的病害之一,挖掘和利用广谱持久抗性基因是水稻防治稻瘟病最经济有效的策略。迄今利用分子标记已定位了78个稻瘟病主效抗性基因,鉴定和开发了一批与抗性基因紧密连锁的DNA标记,克隆了24个稻瘟病抗性基因,开发出10个抗性基因的功能标记。这些连锁的DNA标记和功能标记为水稻抗稻瘟病基因的标记辅助育种奠定了基础,利用分子标记辅助育种技术已成功培育了多个水稻抗稻瘟病品种或品系。本文综述了精细定位的稻瘟病抗性基因连锁标记、克隆的稻瘟病抗性基因功能标记以及相关辅助育种的研究进展,探讨了水稻稻瘟病抗性基因分子标记利用和标记辅助育种过程中存在的问题和对策。

Rice blast is one of the most devastating diseases in rice. Exploitation and utilization of broad-spectrum resistance genes are considered as the most economical and effective ways to control the disease. Up to now, 78 major rice blast resistance genes have been mapped by the molecular markers, and a lot of molecular markers tightly linked to resistance genes have been developed. 24 resistance genes have been cloned and functional markers of 10 cloned genes have been established. The closely linked DNA markers and functional markers of resistance genes are the foundation of markerassisted breeding in rice, and some rice varieties or lines with resistance to blast have been developed by this technology. This paper summarizes the research advances in molecular markers of blast resistance genes and marker-assisted breeding in rice, and discusses the problems and solutions in the application of molecular markers of blast resistance genes and markerassisted breeding.