小行星着陆器锚系统及其实验研究

Development and Experimental Analysis of Anchoring System for Asteroid Lander

针对小行星表面着陆器容易反弹及飘走的难题,设计了一种将着陆器锚固在小行星表面的锚系统。基于小行星特点,对锚系统设计方案进行了分析,选择"链式锚固方式"作为本研究的锚系统方案。基于该方案对锚系统进行了设计,其包括锚固单元、缠绕单元、解锁单元、线绳单元及电气控制单元。对锥形锚尖的侵彻深度进行了研究。经过在冻土介质中的侵彻/锚固实验及气浮微重力环境下的拖拽实验,证明该锚系统具有微重力环境下对小行星着陆器进行锚固及拖拽的基本功能。

The lander is easy to rebound and flow away when landing on an asteroid. To solve this prob lem, an anchoring system which could anchor the lander to the surface of the asteroid is designed. The related characteristics of the asteroid constraining the design of the anchoring system are analyzed. The anchoring system is designed according to the ＂cord connecting mode＂ after analyzing the design alterna tives of the anchoring system. It consists of anchoring unit, winding unit, unlocking unit, wire unit and electric/control unit. The penetration depth of the conic anchor tip is also studied. The penetrating/an choring capability and dragging capability under microgravity of the anchoring system are tested. Exper iments show that the anchoring system could penetrate/anchor in the frozen medium and drag the lander to the landing slope under microgravity environment.