最接近规则:证人特殊作证方式的选择——兼评新《民事诉讼法》第73条之规定

The Closest Rule: Options of the Special Testifying:Commentary on Art.73 of Civil Procedure Law 2013

我国证人不出庭的特殊作证方式,30年来经历了由单一化到多样化的发展过程,使法官在其中作出选择成为必要。依学理分析,证人特殊作证方式可分为单向叙事、双向交流、多向交流三种类型,各种方式在不同程度上接近直接言词原则。法官的选择应有一定顺序,根据证人作证条件和查明案件事实的需要,按照最接近直接言词的规则确定证人不出庭情况下的具体作证方式。

The special testifying of non-appearance in court has evolved from simplification to diversification in the past 30 years in China,which requires judges to make a decision.Depending on scientific principle,special testifying can be classified into 3 types： one-way narration,two-way communication and multi-way communication,which to different degree are close to principle of direct testimony.When choosing from different options,an order should be followed in accordance with the actual condition of witness and requirement of facts finding to decide one specific way of testifying for non-appearance witness to obtain the closest testimony to direct testimony.