美国土地征收法的新发展及其对我国的启示

New Development of Eminent Domain Law in the United States and Its Inspiration to China

2005年6月23日,美国联邦最高法院对凯洛诉新伦敦市案作出最终判决,支持新伦敦市为了发展当地经济而征收并非处于衰败状态的财产,该案判决引发了民众的强烈不满。迫于压力,大多数州通过了土地征收法的修正案,缩小了征收目的范围、调整了征收审批机关、增加了征收补偿额和完善了征收程序。由于各州的条件不同,改革的内容并不完全相同。基于不同的立场,不同的学者对改革作出了不同的评价。美国许多州的土地征收法改革给我们的启示是:未来完善我国土地征收法时,可以考虑恰当地规定征收目的范围、有效地发挥权力机关的作用、按照市场价值给予征收补偿和赋予被征地农民更多的程序性权利。

The final decision on Kelo v.City of New London made by the U.S.Supreme Court on June 23,2005 upheld the City of New London’s taking of non-blighted property for purposes of local economic development,which caused severe public outcry.Under public pressure,most states passed amendments to the law of eminent domain,which narrow the scope and purpose for eminent domain,adjust the approving authority,increase the amount of compensation and improve procedures.The contents of reform vary from state to state as the state conditions vary.Based on different positions,different scholars have a different comment on the reform.The reform of the eminent domain act of most states in the United States gives us a lesson that when we improve China’s land expropriation law in the future,we may consider these measures,which properly provide the scope and purpose for eminent domain,enhance governmental organ’s efficiency,compensate according to market value,and empower more procedural rights to those whose lands are expropriated.