论中国食物权保障的法律体系及其完善

On China's Legal System of the Right to Food and Its Perfection

食物权是人人享有的获得适足食物的权利。我国当前已经形成了一个包括宪法、法律、法规以及司法解释在内的食物权保障的法律体系,其内容涉及到食物生产和流通、食品安全、食物在文化上的可接受性、自然灾害的食物保障以及社会弱者的食物权保障。尽管这些法律对中国食物权保障起到了积极作用,但也存在一定问题。我国应该将食物权明确规定为宪法权利,制定城乡统一的最低生活保障条例,制订营养立法,并在灾害法律中明确规定国家的食物保障义务。

The right to food is a right according to which everyone is entitled to adequate food. China has promulgated a legal system of the right to food consisting of constitution, law, regulations and judicial interpreta- tion, related to food production, food circulation, food safety, cultural acceptability of food, food security for the disadvantaged and during the natural disasters. Although the laws on the right to food have positive influence on the protection of the right to food in China, there are still some problems. China should define the right to food as a constitutional right, ensuring the minimum security for both the people in the rural and urban areas, enacting nutrition law, and imposing obligation on food security when encountering natural disasters.