家·国·人:传统离婚制度结构刍议

Family·Country·Individual:An Analysis Based on the Structure of Traditional Divorce System

离婚制度的设定在于解决婚姻中的矛盾冲突,救济婚姻双方当事人,达到从整体上维护婚姻的目的。中国传统的离婚制度主要包括七出、义绝与和离等。其中,七出是选择离婚,照顾家庭的整体和顺;义绝是强制离婚,以国家干预的方式解除婚姻,维护社会的和谐稳定;和离是两愿离婚,给夫妻个人表达意愿的空间,从而形成了家庭、国家和个人三位一体的离婚制度结构体系。随着社会文化的变迁,家庭、国家、个人因素的消长,离婚制度的结构也相应地发生变化。

The main purpose of designing divorce system is to solve the conflict in the marriage and relieve both partners so as to defend marriage harmony as a whole. There are three divorce systems in the Chinese tradition-al marriage system, namely Qi Chu, Yi Jue and He Li. Qi Chu is to choose divorce and take family harmony in-to account. Yi Jue is a system of compulsory divorce which involves a series of violent behaviors. He Li is the tradition that the couples choose to divorce when their feelings are inharmonious. The traditional marriage sys-tems gradually formed the structure of Three in One, including family, country and the individual. With the change of social culture, and the growth and decline of family, country and the individual, the distinct changes take place correspondingly in the structure of divorce system.