上海都市畜牧业的困境与出路

Dilemmas and Solutions of Urban Animal Husbandry in Shanghai

为回答都市畜牧业能否发展、怎样发展的问题,对上海主要畜产品产业规模波动、畜产品保障供给与畜牧业环境污染的矛盾和畜牧业对环境的双刃剑作用进行分析,揭示了上海都市畜牧业的困境与出路。研究表明上海都市畜牧业的出路在于由环境污染型转变为生态维护型。生态维护型都市畜牧业在宏观层面需要进行畜牧场的合理规划布局和建立种养结合废弃物循环利用机制。畜牧场的合理规划布局不仅需要以土地承载力为基础对养殖场合理配置农田面积,还需要考虑都市农区"小集中,大分散"的空间格局特征,按照"种养结合单元"进行选址布局。种养结合废弃物循环利用可建立基于市场经营主体的3种循环利用机制:封闭自循环,封闭它循环,开放它循环。

In order to answer whehter it is possible to develop aninal husbandary in urban areas and how to perform,the husbandary product scale fluctuaion, contradiction between husbandary products supply and envriotnemtal pollution, and the double-side impacts of aminal husbanadry on envrionment in Shanghai were investigated, the dilemmas and the solutions of urban aninal husbandary development in Shanghai were figured out as well. The investigation showed that the transformation of processing model from environmental pollution into ecological protection is the way out of urban animal husbandry in Shanghai. Ecological protection husbandry requires the rational plan of stock farms and need to follow the rules of waste recycling and reuse linking farming and husbandry at macro level. The rational plan of stock farms need to consider not only the allocated area of farming land for husbandry based on its ecological carrying capability, but also the spacial structure feature of urban farming which is ＇short range centralised and wide range scattered＇, and to choose the location according to ＇farming and husbandry combined units＇. The waste recycling and reuse system has three mechanisms according to individual market operators： closed self-circulation, closed external-circulation and open circulation.