我国地理科学专业空间分布格局研究

The Research on the Spatial Distribution Patterns of Geographical Science Major in China

以省区为统计单元,以招生数与学校数、每百万人招生数和每百万人学校数为两组测度指标,选用极值比、变异系数和地理集中指数,并应用GIS进行趋势分析和五级分类,分析了全国地理科学本科专业空间分异与聚集特征.研究表明,我国地理科学专业的空间分布格局,依据变异系数存在明显的不均衡性,地理集中指数则呈弱聚集特征,趋势分析则在东西部和南北部存在一定的方向性差异.招生数和学校数分布较多的地区主要集中在以河南、山东为中心的华北地区和以广东为中心的华南地区,而广大西部地区分布则相对较少.每百万人招生数和每百万人学校数在空间上分布不一致,但数值较高的省区主要集中在北方.最后提出了地理科学专业均衡发展的对策建议.

Taking each province or autonomous region as the statistical unit,taking the number of enrolled students,schools and the number of enrolled students and schools per million people as two groups of measure indices,selecting the ratio of extreme values,coefficient of variation and geographic concentration index,and applying GIS to trend analysis and the fivecategory classification,an analysis is made of the spatial differentiation and accumulation characteristics of the major of National Geographic Science.The research shows that the spatial distribution of Geographical Science major in China is obviously imbalanced in terms of the coefficient of variation;and a weak aggregation is found in term of geographic concentration index;and the trend analysis reveals that there exists certain directional difference between east-west and north-south part of China.A large portion of enrolled students and schools are found to come from or be located in the north China which is surrounding He’ nan and Shandong and the south China which surrounds Guangdong,while just a small portion of students and schools are from or in the vast west.the spatial distribution is not consistent in terms of the number of enrolled students and the number of schools per million people,yet the high numbers are principally found in the northern provinces or autonomous regions.To conclude,the corresponding counter measures for a balanced development of the major of Geographical Science are put forth as well.