136例支气管哮喘患者临床特点及相关危险因素分析

Analysis on clinical features and risk factors of 136 patients with asthma

目的探讨支气管哮喘发作的危险因素。方法收集哮喘患者136例以及同期就诊的非哮喘人群,利用病例对照研究方法,对哮喘的临床特点以及发作危险因素进行分析。结果支气管哮喘患者多在夜间及秋季发病,常反复发作,以轻、中度为主,超过患者曾被误诊,26.47%接受过健康教育,单因素分析发现支气管哮喘发作与过敏史、家族史、吸烟、感染、天气变化、室内装修、接触粉尘有害气体等因素有关,多因素分析家族史、感染、接触粉尘有害气体是支气管哮喘的独立危险因素。结论积极预防避免接触各危险因素,对减少哮喘急性哮喘发作,改善患者的预后具有重要意义。

Objective To investigate the risk factors of asthmatic exacerbation in order to provide a theoretical basis for the pre- vention and treatment of asthma. Methods The study selected 136 asthma patients as the observation group and the non-asthmatic people at the same period as the control group. Their clinical features and risk factors were analyzed by questionnaire survey method. Results Bronchial asthma easily occurred at night and in autumn with recurrent attacks. The mild to moderate asthma attacks were misdiagnosed. Only 26.47% of them were subjected to bronchial asthma health education. Univariate regression analysis showed that the incidence of bronchial asthma was corelated with history of allergy, family history of asthma, infection, change of weather, interior decoration and occu- pational dust or gas exposed （ P 〈 0.05 ）. The Logistic regression analysis found that the independent risk factors included family history of asthma, infection, and occupational dust or gas exposed. Conclusion The incidence of asthma can be reduced by preventing them from the risk factors.