文学接受·文学形式·意识形态——“客观说”下的关系反思与理论建构

Literature Acceptance,Literary Form,Ideology——Relation Reflection and Theory Construction in the "Objectivity Theory"

从"关系主义"视角出发,可以把"客观说"下的文学接受、文学形式与意识形态的关系概括为三种基本形态:以俄国形式主义文论为代表的"不透明性"关系,侧重文学语言的特殊性,文学作为一个独立自治的审美领域,意识形态与普通读者经验不能任意进入文学;以英美新批评为代表的"透明性"关系,强调形式与意义结合为有机统一体,文学具有追寻本体世界的能力,"美育代宗教"为文学在现代社会找到合法位置,文学具有精神救赎的作用;以法国结构主义为代表的"半透明性"关系,侧重文本结构在社会结构中的功能性地位,文学处于社会精神结构的指定位置,文本结构与精神结构通过阐释活动建立起复杂的联系。

From the point of view of relationalism perspective,there are three forms between literature,literary form and ideology.The first is the opacity relation whose representative thoughts are the Russian’s formalism literary theory.It emphasizes the particularity directing.Ideology and literature acceptance cannot enter into literature freely for literature is a domain of aesthetic autonomy.The second is the transparency relation whose representative is literary criticism in Britain and America.It emphasizes spiritual dimension.Literature has the ability to pursue to the ontology of the world.＂Aesthetic education instead of religion＂ makes the literature to obtain legal status in modern society.Literature has the spirit of salvation function.The third is the translucent relation whose representative is French structuralism.It emphasizes the functional status of text structure in the social structure,literature in the specified location spirit structure,through the activity of interpretation,text structure and spiritual structure to establish complex and winding connection.