摘要
J市位于太湖下游,其水源水质受上游和自身工农业发展的影响,有机物和氨氮浓度较高,氯消毒副产物及其引发的健康风险广泛受到关注.2012年5、8、10月以及2013年1月采样,使用气相色谱法分析了J市饮用水中4种三卤甲烷和5种卤乙酸的含量,发现自来水中三卤甲烷浓度占三卤甲烷与卤乙酸总和的88.1%以上,5月、8月和次年1月浓度较高(分别为39.34、50.37和28.02μg.L-1),10月浓度(19.19μg.L-1)较低,远高于卤乙酸的浓度(2.58~4.02μg.L-1).自来水煮沸3min后,三卤甲烷可去除92.3%以上,但卤乙酸会大幅度增加.基于EPA推荐的健康风险评价模型对经口摄取途径时氯消毒副产物的致癌和非致癌风险进行计算,发现化学致癌物质的健康风险为3.1×10-6~7.3×10-6,高于可接受风险水平1×10-6;煮沸后致癌物质的健康风险大幅度降低至7.9×10-7,低于可接受风险水平.煮沸后非致癌氯消毒副产物的健康风险由2.1×10-11显著升高至3.4×10-9,未超过10-5的风险管理参考值.
J City lies in the downstream of Taihu Lake and its water source was micro-polluted by the well-developed industry and agriculture inside the city and in the upper stream.Tap water of J City is characterized as high concentrations of organics and ammonia nitrogen,and chlorinated disinfection byproducts(CDBPs),which has drawn many public concerns for the health risk.Tap water was sampled in May,August,October of 2012 and January of 2013.Four trihalomethanes(THMs) and five haloacetic acids(HAAs) were determined with the gas chromatography.Results revealed that THMs accounted for 88.1% of the sum of THMs and HAAs,with higher concentrations in May,August and January(39.34,50.37 and 28.02 μg.L-1,respectively) while obviously lower in October(19.19 μg.L-1),which were significantly higher than that of HAAs(2.58-4.02 μg.L-1).After boiled for three minutes,THMs were removed over 92.3% but HAAs were largely increased.The health risk of CDBPs was then calculated based on the health risk assessment model recommended by the USEPA.The health risk caused by carcinogenic CDBPs was within a range of 3.1 × 10-6-7.3 × 10-6 in the tap water,all over the recommended level of 1 × 10-6,but after boiled,the value significantly decreased to 7.9 ×10-7,which is below the recommended level.The health risk caused by non-carcinogenic CDBPs absolutely increased from 2.1 × 10-11 to 3.4 × 10-9 after boiled,which is below the reference value of 10-5.
出处
《环境科学》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2013年第9期3474-3479,共6页
Environmental Science
基金
嘉兴市科技计划项目(2012AZ1013)
关键词
饮用水
三卤甲烷
卤乙酸
氯消毒副产物
健康风险
drinking water
trihalomethanes
haloacetic acids
chlorinated disinfection byproducts
health risk