某铅冶炼厂对周边土壤质量和人体健康的影响

Effect of Lead on Soil Quality and Human Health Around a Lead Smeltery

为了解铅冶炼厂对周边土壤的污染程度和人体健康危害状况,对河南省某铅冶炼厂周边的土壤、村民血液和头发中的铅含量进行调查,探讨了铅冶炼厂卫生防护距离估算的合理性.结果表明,铅冶炼厂周边M村和Y村的儿童血铅含量全部超过国际铅中毒诊断标准,最高血铅含量为491μg.L-1,其轻度、中度和重度铅中毒率分别为52.5%、42.5%和5.0%;Y村的儿童发铅超标率达100%,最高值为156 mg.kg-1,儿童的发铅平均含量是成年人的2.9倍.同时,铅冶炼厂周边66.7%的农田表层土壤(0～20 cm)Pb含量超过土壤环境质量标准(GB 15618-1995)的二级标准(350 mg.kg-1,pH>7.5),最高值达1 687mg.kg-1,导致铅冶炼厂周边儿童的健康受到损害.因此,铅冶炼厂的卫生防护距离的科学估算及其周边重金属污染土壤的修复应引起重视.

In order to disclose soil pollution caused by lead（Pb） smeltery and its human health risks,this study investigated Pb concentrations in farmland soil,hair and blood of residents surrounding a Pb smeltery in Henan Province,and discussed the rationality of estimation of the health protection zone from the Pb smeltery.It was found that the Pb concentrations in blood of children living in both M and Y villages exceeded the international Pb poisoning diagnostic criteria.The highest Pb concentration in blood was 491 μg.L-1,with the percentages of mild,medium and severe Pb poisoning reaching 52.5%,42.5% and 5.0%,respectively.Pb concentrations in hair of children living in Y village were in excess of the related standard,with the highest being 156 mg.kg-1,and the average value 2.9 times of that in hair of adults.In terms of Pb in soil,Pb concentrations in 66.7% of the topsoils（0-20 cm） around the smeltery exceeded Grade Ⅱ（350 mg.kg-1,pH 7.5） of the National Soil Environmental Quality Standard（GB 156181995）,with the highest reaching up to 1 687 mg.kg-1.The severe soil pollution may have played a role in children＇s health issues in the villages surrounding the smeltery.Therefore,more attention should be paid to the scientific estimation of health protection zone from Pb smeltery and the remediation of heavy-metal contaminated soil in the surrounding areas.