南方红黄壤地区草地资源特点与开发利用(英文)

Characteristics and Reasonable Utilization of Grassland Resources in Red-Yellow Soil Region of Southern China

南方红黄壤地区可利用草地面积大 ,水热自然条件优越 ,天然牧草丰富、产量高 ,具有广阔的开发前景。但该区草地分布零散 ,且地形多为山地丘陵 ,土壤肥力低下 ,土地质量不高 ,水土流失严重 ,草地管理粗放 ,草场退化严重。因此 ,草地开发中应注意用养结合 ,针对不同立地条件 ,采取相应的开发利用途径 :中高山地区 ,加快人工草场建设 ,解决饲草旺季余缺矛盾 ;丘陵区 ,加快发展幼林间种草 ,实行林草结合 ,改善生态环境 ;广大农区 ,加快扩大冬闲稻田种草 ,推行粮草轮作 。

The grassland in red-yellow soil region of southern China has two major characteristics: (1) There is large area of grassland and its utilized rate is very low. (2) The native herbage varieties with high yield in the grassland are plenty. Thus, it is high potential to use and to develop the grassland. However, the following problems should be solved. (1) The grassland quality is poor because of nutrients leached. (2) The grasslands distribute mainly in hilly and mountainous areas. Therefore, it is very difficult to utilize them, and the soil erosion in this region is very serious. (3) The grassland degradation is very common due to unreasonable utilization. According to the characteristics and problems to have met, maintenance and utilization of grassland should be combined in grassland management. Suitable approach of developing grassland should be adopted in different natural conditions. In middle-high mountainous areas, the artificial pasture development should be done in order to harmonize the forage supply in different seasons by making hay. In hilly areas, the development of interplanting forages under young trees should be done in order to combine herbage with tree so as to improve the ecological environment. In vast agricultural areas, the planting forages in winter fallow paddy field should be done in order to expand grain and forage rotation to raise the land utility and obtain better economic benefit.