南充市糖尿病流行病学调查研究

Epidemiological investigation on diabetes in Nanchong City

目的调查分析南充地区糖尿病的流行病学情况，为预防控制糖尿病制定政策措施提供依据。方法调阅川北医学院附属医院近10年1547例本地糖尿病患者住院病历，调查分析患者人口学特征和疾病情况，包括性别、职业、居住环境、教育程度、糖尿病家族史等，对其特点进行统计分析。结果南充地区糖尿病85.8%为2型糖尿病，患者的平均发病年龄为（57.76±16.85）岁，以40岁~80岁的患者比例最多，男性比女性发病年龄稍晚，但无统计学意义（P＞0.05）；城市比农村晚约5.08岁[（59.52±10.36）岁vs.（54.44±8.96）岁，P＜0.001）；此外，职业、教育程度、糖尿病家族史等都不同程度地影响着糖尿病人群的分布：农民和退休人员所占比例最大，分别为29.71%和26.87%；以小学和初中教育程度的患者最多，共占66%；无糖尿病家族史的糖尿病患者发病年龄比有糖尿病家族史者晚3.25岁[（58.06±11.07）岁vs.（54.81±7.51）岁，P＜0.05）。结论南充地区糖尿病患者以中老年为主，男女发病年龄无差异，城市患者发病年龄较农村更晚，其中教育程度低、有糖尿病家族史的人群所占比例更高。

Objective To survey and analyze the epidemiological status of diabetes in Nanchong area, and provide the evidence for the policy and measures of preventing and controlling diabetes. Methods The medical records of 1547 patients with diabetes in the last 10 years were retrieved from the Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College. The demographic information and disease situation were investigated and analyzed including sex, profession, living condition, educational background and family history. Results The average age of diabetes attack was （57.76±16.85） years old, and diabetes occurred mostly in the patients aged from 50 to 70. The age of diabetes attack was higher in the male than that in the female （P〉0.05）. The age of diabetes attack increased by 5.08 years old in the patients in urban areas than those in rural areas[（59.52±10.36）y vs. （54.44±8.96）y, P〈0.01]. The distribution of diabetes population was influenced by profession, educational background and family history, which showed as the proportions of peasants （29.71%） and retired persons （26.87%） were higher, patients with elementary or junior middle school education reached the peak （66%）, and the age of diabetes attack increased by 3.25 years old in the patients without family history than those with family history [（58.06±11.07）y vs. （54.81± 7.51）, P〈0.05]. Conclusion In Nanchong area, the diabetic patients are mainly middle-aged and elderly people. Male patients and female patients have no difference in attack age, and attack age is higher in urban patients than rural ones. The incidence of diabetes is higher in the patients with poorer educational background and diabetic or hypertensive history.