基于演化理论的技术创新政策研究——兼论广州创新型城市建设

Research into Technology Innovation Policy Based on Evolutionary Theory——Research on Innovative City Construction in Guangzhou

新古典传统经济理论及其技术创新政策的历史和现实困境日趋显现,20世纪末开始蓬勃发展的演化理论为重新思考技术创新及其促进政策问题提供了新颖而富有前途的视角。与传统经济学主要从"供给、需求、环境、基础"等方面提出政策措施以解决市场失灵和资源最优配置问题的基本思路有所不同,演化理论视角下的技术创新政策具有更丰富的内涵与工具,强调创新主体激励、知识生产和"试错"鼓励、解决系统失灵和政策的动态性与多样性。演化理论指导下的技术创新政策对广州正如火如荼进行的国家创新型城市建设实践亦能提供一些有益的启示。

Neoclassical traditional economic theory and the technology innovation policies are increasingly diffi-cult to interpret history and guide practice. The development of evolutionary theory provides a new perspective to re-think technological innovation and the policies. While the traditional polices of technological innovation are more a- bout curing market failures and resource allocation problem from ＂supply, demand, environment and basis＂, the innovation policies from the perspective of evolutionary theory put more emphasis on the incentives of the economic agents, encourage the knowledge production and ＂trial and error＂, and cure the system failures, diversity and dy-namics of policies. The technology innovation provides some useful lessons for national innovative city construction practice of Guangzhou.