维持性血液透析患者合并丙型肝炎病毒感染的实验室诊断方法及进展

Laboratory Diagnosis Methods and Progress of HCV Infection in MHD Patients

维持性血液透析(MHD)患者由于免疫力下降、血液透析时频繁的血管穿刺和体外循环、输血及各种医源性因素等,是丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)感染的危险人群。HCV抗体检测被广泛应用于HCV感染的诊断,但对窗口期感染的检测不灵敏,且MHD患者中HCV抗体假阴性率高。因此,研究探索具有高敏感性和检出率的检测方法对明确MHD患者中HCV隐性感染具有重要的意义。该文就丙型肝炎的定义、HCV感染后血清的变化特点、抗-HCV的检测方法及确证方法、HCV-RNA的检测方法、HCV核抗原的检测方法及进展等予以综述。

Patients undergoing matintenance hemodialysis（MHD） are at high risk for hepatitis C virus infection,because of their low immunity,frequent blood vessels puncture and extracorporeal circulation when hemodialysising,blood transfusion and all kinds of iatrogenic factors.HCV antibody detection is widely used for screening this infection but is not sensitive for window period detection,and it has has high false negative rate.Therefore a more sensitive test method to clear HCV recessive infection in MHD patients has a vital significance.Here is to make a review of the definition of hepatitis C,the characteristics of serum changesafter HCV infection,anti-HCV test method and confirmatory method,HCV-RNA detectionmethod,HCVcAg detection method and their progress.