锌冶炼污染物减排与治理技术及理论基础研究进展

Research advances on reduction and treatment technology of pollutants discharged from zinc smelting

传统锌冶炼过程产生大量含重金属的废水、废渣,造成资源浪费和环境污染.针对锌冶炼污染物减排与治理的技术瓶颈,进行了系统的基础研究与技术攻关,提出并研发了选冶联合清洁炼锌技术,实现锌冶炼源头铁锌高效分离与铁渣的大幅减排;发明了锌冶炼重金属废水生物制剂法深度净化与回用技术,废水深度净化后出水重金属离子浓度完全达到国家《铅锌工业污染物排放标准》(GB25466-2010),废水的回用率提高到95%;研发了冶炼废渣硫化回收人造硫化矿新工艺,其中重金属锌的硫化率达85%以上,硫化矿的品位达40%.研究成果可为锌冶炼污染物源头减排与"三废"深度治理提供先进适用的技术方法.

Large amount of wastewater and waste residue containing heavy metals were produced during the traditional zinc smelting process,which leads to the waste of resources and environment pollution.Aiming at the technical bottleneck of reduction and treatment for the pollutants discharged from zinc smelting,systematic researches of fundamental theory and applied technology were investigated.The combined dressing-metallurgy technology of zinc production for emission reduction was developed to realize the efficient separation of iron and zinc and substantial reduction of iron residue from the source of zinc smelting.In addition,new technology for further purification and reuse of Zinc smelting waste water by biological agents was invented to ensure that the concentration of heavy metals in purified water can reach the Emission standard of pollutants for lead and zinc industry（GB25466-2010）.The recycling rate of wastewater increased to 95 %.Moreover,novel technology of sulfidation treatment of heavy-metal-containing sludge for synthetic metal sulfide recovery was explored.The results indicated that more than 85 % of zinc in the sludge was transferred to the metal sulfides and the grade of sulfide ore was 40 %.The research results obtained in this study can provide advanced and suitable technical support for the source reduction of pollutants and the comprehensive management of waste from zinc smelting industry.