采诗演进论

On the Evolution of Poems Collection

西周确立了中国古代完备的采诗古制。两汉基本保持了观采民谣以察政的采诗传统,采诗官则由周代专职的轩车使者、行人等,改为临时指派别官充任"风俗使者"。在魏晋南北朝各政权内部相对稳定时段,风俗使者不再以采诗为专务,还兼及他责。唐代的太常卿采诗已演变为一种形式,失去了原本观风知政的意义,白居易等人疾呼恢复采诗传统古制,并在一定时期内得以执行。两宋时期采诗官制度彻底终结,文人的采诗自觉意识萌发,出现了文人自主采诗的新动向。元代以广大下层文士儒生为主力军的采诗队伍规模空前,兴盛的采诗活动成为元代文学史上乃至中国文化史上一道亮丽风景。明清时期古代的各类采诗活动全面没落,皆趋消歇。

In Western Zhou Dynasty,the system of poems collection was established. In the two Han Dynasties, this tradition was kept and the official of poems collection was appointed. In Wei, Jin, and Southern Northern Dynasties, the official managed poem collection and other matters. In Tang Dynasty, this tradition was changed and adopted again for some time due to the appeal of Bai Juyi and other poets. In Song Dynasty,this system was abolished and scholars began to collect pems. In Yuan Dynasty, many people collect poems and poem collection becomes popular in Chinese literature history. In Ming and Qing Dynasties, poems collection become extinct.