番茄酸腐病菌的生物学特性研究

Biological Characteristics of Geotrichum candidum from Tomato

为了使生产上对番茄酸腐病的防治更有针对性,对采自河南新乡的分离菌株进行鉴定,并进行生物学特性研究。结果表明:依据分离菌株的形态特征、培养性状和致病性测定结果等鉴定河南新乡的番茄酸腐病菌为白地霉(Geotrichum candidum)。该病菌菌丝在4～40℃的温度范围内均能生长,适宜温度范围为20～30℃,最适温度为30℃;病菌在4～35℃的温度范围内均能产孢,20～30℃有利于病菌产孢,最适温度为25℃;病菌菌丝生长和产孢的最适pH值均为5;光暗交替最有利于菌丝的生长,光照有利于病菌产孢;该病菌分生孢子的致死温度为55℃,10min。高湿度有利于病菌孢子的萌发,相对湿度为95%时,病菌孢子萌发率最高,而其在水滴中萌发率最低。番茄酸腐病病原菌的鉴定及其生物学特性的明确为进一步了解番茄酸腐病的发生危害提供了理论依据。

To control tomato sour rot with strong points,the pathogen isolated from rotted tomato in Xinxiang city,Henan province,was identified and its biological characteristics were tested as well.Based on its morphologic characters,cultural characteristics and pathogenicity,the isolate was identified as Geotrichum candidum.The temperature for the mycelial growth ranged from 4 ℃ to 40 ℃,and the suitable temperature was from 20 ℃ to 30 ℃,with the optimum temperature of 30 ℃ ; The temperature for the sporulation of the fungus ranged from 4 ℃ to 35 ℃,and the suitable temperature was from 20 ℃ to 30 ℃,with the optimum temperature of 25 ℃ ; The optimum pH for the mycelial growth and sporulation of the fungus was 5; Alternation of light and darkness was the best for the mycelial growth,and light was favorable for sporulation of the fungus; The lethal temperature of conidia was 55 ℃,10 min.The high humidity was favorable for the conidial germination.When relative humidity （RH） reached 95 ％,the percentage of conidial germination was highest,but it was lowest in water.This experiment provides a theoretical basis for further understanding of the occurrence and damage of tomato sour rot.