烤烟膜下移栽避蚜防病保护栽培技术研究与应用

Studies on Protective Cultivation Technology of Flue-cured Tobacco Seedlings Transplanting Under Mulch for Aphid Avoiding and Tobacco Virus Diseases Prevention

为了有效躲避有翅蚜,预防烟草病毒病,连续6a进行了不同时期膜下小苗移栽方法的避蚜防病效果研究。结果表明,4月20日膜下小苗移栽处理避蚜防病效果最好,平均避蚜效果为73.8%,病毒病的防治效果为71%。同时,烟苗返苗期短,进入团棵期和旺长期较快;株高、有效叶数和最大叶面积均大于常规移栽(CK);产量和产值比CK分别提高22.8%和26.3%。4月10日膜下小苗移栽、4月30日膜下移栽处理也有一定的避蚜防病效果,但年度之间差别较大。大面积推广应用4月20日膜下小苗移栽避蚜防病保护栽培技术表明,烤后烟叶产量、产值、上等烟比例均较CK明显提高。可见,4月20日膜下小苗移栽避蚜防病保护栽培技术具有良好的经济效益和社会效益,推广前景广阔。

In order to evade winged aphids and protect tobacco plants from virus diseases effective- ly,6-year-experiment of tobacco seedlings transplanting under the mulch at different periods was carried out. The results showed that the treatment of transplanting at April 20 had the best aphid avoiding and virus diseases prevention effect, the average avoiding aphid efficiency was 73.8%, and the efficiency of disease prevention was 71%. Meanwhile, tobacco seedlings transplanted at A- pril 20 had the shortest rejuvenation stage,and they need lesser days to the rosette stage and fast growing stage than other treatments; the average plant height,the number of effective leaves and leaf area of the treatment at April 20 were higher than CK;and the tobacco leaf yield and output value increased by 22.8% and 26.3% respectively. Although the treatments of transplanting at April 10 and April 30 had the effect of aphid avoiding and virus diseases prevention, there were bigger variations among 6 years. A wider practice indicated that the yield, output value and superi-or tobacco leaves of treatment at April 20 were improved significantly than other treatments. Thus,the treatment of transplanting at April 20 had superior economic and social benefits, and had broad application prospect.