两系法杂交水稻制种不安全问题的解决途径

How to Tackle Insecurity Problems in Seed Production of Two-line Hybrid Rice

制种安全问题已严重制约两系法杂交水稻健康持续发展。水稻两用核不育系不育起点温度偏高、两系杂交稻制种基地和时段选择不当以及不育起点温度漂变是导致两系杂交稻制种不安全的主要原因。本研究表明,选育不育起点温度低和耐受低温时间长的水稻两用核不育系能降低制种风险;根据历史气象资料和两系杂交稻制种"三个安全期"对气象条件的要求,利用计算机技术,研制了两系杂交稻制种基地和时段气象决策支持系统,解决了以往生产上盲目选择两系杂交稻制种基地和时段的问题;研创了株系育性鉴定方法和一季加再生冷水串灌繁种技术,采用该方法生产原种能降低原种生产世代数,防止水稻两用核不育系不育起点温度漂变。通过以上研究可从种性、种源和制种地三方面提高两系法杂交水稻制种安全性。

The security problem of seed production has seriously hampered the healthy and sustainable development of two-line hybrid rice. The safty issues on seed production of two-line hybrid rice and current research situation were pointed out in this paper. The three main reasons for unsafty in seed production of two-line hybrid rice were indicated to be unsuitable site selection, high critical sterility-inducing temperature and the drift of critical temperature. In this paper, strategies and measures were put forward based on many years of practice. Selecting dual-purpose genie male sterile line with lower critical sterility-inducing tem- perature could minimize the risk in seed pruduction of two-line hybrid rice and scientifically selecting a suitable site and safe duration could ensure the seed production safety of two-line hybrid rice. A new idea for determining appropriate regions and pe- riods for seed production according to the climate data together with climatic demands of the ＂three safe-periods＂ in seed produc- tion was proposed. Besides, a system of single plant selection and identification and original seed propagation with cyclic cold water was established, foundation seed production of dual-purpose genie male sterile lines should be adopted to avoid the drift of critical sterility-inducing temperature.