黑龙港流域不同滴灌制度下的冬小麦产量和水分利用效率

Effects of Drip Irrigation Patterns on Wheat Yield and Water Use Efficiency in Heilonggang Region

针对华北黑龙港流域冬小麦一夏玉米种植制度中冬小麦灌溉水用量过大的问题，以节水和稳产为目标设计了冬小麦滴灌制度定位试验，比较了滴灌与漫灌及不同滴灌模式下的小麦产量和水分利用效率。结果表明，在实验年份的降水条件下，传统灌溉定额和次数（总量225mm，分1～3次灌溉）的滴灌与漫灌处理的小麦产量和水分利用效率差异均不显著：在两年降水特点不同的情况下，滴灌量比对照减少45-105mm的处理产量下降不显著，水分利用效率显著提高。相关分析结果表明，对产量的贡献表现为穗粒数〉千粒重〉穗数。研究结果初步表明，冬小麦滴灌技术在黑龙港流域具有节水稳产的潜力。

A field experiment with different drip irrigation patterns was conducted in Heilonggang region, Hebei Province, China in the 2010-2011 and 2011-2012 winter wheat growing seasons to develop suitable drip irrigation schedule in this region. The yields and water use efficiencies （WUE） of wheat in different drip irrigation treatments with flood irrigation as control were com- pared under total water supplies of 225, 180, 150, and 120 mm, respectively. Under the condition of 225 mm irrigation, drip irri- gation and irrigation frequency （1-3 times） had no significant difference in effect on yield and WUE. Drip irrigation resulted in 45-105 mm reduction of irrigation amount as compared to the control, with no significant yield loss, and a significant increase of WUE. Correlation analysis indicated that the contribution of yield components showed a sequence of spike number 〉 1000-grain weight 〉 grain number per spike. These results showed that drip irrigation technique should have potentials of water saving and yield stability in wheat production of the experimental region.