156例重复违法的精神障碍患者特征分析

Characteristics of Recidivism in Patients with Mental Disorders: 156 Cases Analysis

目的对重复违法的精神障碍患者的犯罪学、临床学、监护情况等特征进行分析,为预防其重复违法行为的发生提供参考依据。方法采用自制问卷表,对2007—2011年在四川大学华西法医学鉴定中心进行司法精神病鉴定的156例重复违法的精神障碍患者进行登记及分析。结果重复违法者中,男性、26~45岁、初中及以下文化程度、未婚者居多,农民和无业为主。人均违法3.26次,案件类型以故意伤害（34.6%）、杀人（15.7%）为主。56.4%的患者在发病5年以内出现首次违法行为,55.8%的患者在首次违法行为后的1年内出现再次违法。精神障碍的诊断多为精神分裂症（63.5%）。评定以无责任能力（61.5%）者为主。44.9%的患者从未接受过治疗,34.6%的患者无人监管。首次违法行为之后未进入法律程序的占66.0%,申请进行精神疾病鉴定的仅7.1%。结论重复违法的精神障碍患者多为低文化、低收入群体,就诊率低,监管力度不严。为有效预防精神障碍患者再次违法行为的发生,需构建良好的精神疾病治疗监管体系。

Objective To analyze the characteristics of recidivism in patients with mental disorders,including criminology,clinic and guardianship,in order to provide references for preventing recidivism.Methods Using the self-designed questionnaire,156 psychotic patients who had repeated crimes were appraised by West China Forensic Science Center of Sichuan University from 2007 to 2011 and the data were collected and analyzed.Results In the majority of these cases,patients were male,26-45 years old,junior high school or below diploma,unmarried,and farmers or jobless.Each patient broke law 3.26 times on average.The main crimes were intentional injury（34.6%） and murder（15.7%）.Within 5 years after diagnosis with mental disorder,56.4% of the patients committed first crime.Within 1 year after the first time breaking the law,55.8% of them repeated crimes.The diagnoses of schizophrenia（63.5%） were in the majority.The assessment results were mostly irresponsibility（61.5%）.Among the patients,44.9% of them didn’t receive treatment while 34.6% of them were out of supervision.After the first crime,66.1% of them didn’t receive criminal prosecution while only 7.1% of them went through the appraisement of forensic psychiatry.Conclusion Most of the patients had low education and low income.Meanwhile,low outpatient rate and pool supervision occurred in this special crowd.A good system for care and treatment of these mental patients should be built to prevent them from recidivism.