心理距离与决策者角色对风险决策的影响

The Effect of Psychological Distance and Decision Makers' Roles on Risk Decision

采用改编的IOS量表测量自我与他人的心理距离,在收益和损失情境下,综合探讨了为他人和预测他人决策时心理距离对个体风险偏好的影响。结果发现:(1)与他人心理距离越远,个体决策时越偏好风险,且反应时越短;(2)个体预测他人决策时比为他人决策时更偏好风险,但两者反应时没有显著差异;(3)心理距离与决策者角色存在交互作用,即预测时个体认为远心理距离他人比近心理距离他人更冒险,而为他人决策时两者差异消失;(4)决策角色与决策框架、心理距离与决策框架存在交互作用:在收益框架下,自我他人心理距离较远时个体更偏好风险,且个体预测比为他人决策时更冒险,损失条件下无差异。依据相关理论对这些结果进行了分析讨论。

Using the IOS to measure the psychological distance, this study explored how psychological distance and decision makers＇roles influence risk decision in both gain and loss decision contexts. The results of the experiment showed that （1） With the increase of psychological distance, subjects became more risk - seeking, and the reaction time was shorter; （2） Subjects were more willing to take risks in predicting other＇s decision than in making decision for others, and there were no discrepancies in reaction time; （3） There was significant interaction between decision makers＇roles and psychological distance： When predicting other＇s decision, subjects were more risk -seeking as the psychological distance increased, but when making decisions for others, the difference disappeared; （4） There between decision makers In the gain framework, were more risk others, and in disappeared. was a significant interaction roles and task framework： predicting other＇s decision seeking than making decisions for the loss framework, the differencedisappeared.