论明政府初期经略河洮岷对西北藏区统治产生的影响

The Effect of the Early Ming Dynasty Government of Hetaomin on The Northwest Tibet Area

河洮岷在明初西北藏区治理中占有特殊的地位。明政府对故元官员何锁南普等人的分封赏赐,开创了明初分封赏赐之先河。此后,河洮岷大批僧俗首领归顺和效忠明王朝,有力地保证了卫所、土司、朝贡、茶马贸易等制度在此地的较好实施和推广,并使当地的僧俗首领和普通番民直接和间接地与明政府发生联系,从而彻底改变了元明以前这里种族繁多,分裂割据,战乱不已,统而不属的局面。这不仅使明政府对河洮岷统治产生了重要的影响,也对西北藏区、乌思藏僧俗官员尽快归附明朝起到了积极的促进作用。

Hetaomin occupies a special position in the northwest Tibetan Dynasty. It gave the subinfeudation and reward to the Pre-Yuan Dynasty governance in official whose the early Ming name was He suonanpu, which gave the subinfeudation and reward to the ethnic minorities for starting the trend. From that time, large amount of monastic yielded and were loyal to the Ming dynasty, which guaranteed the Wei-suo system, system of appointing national minority hereditary headmen, paid tribute system, tea horse trade system were fully implemented and promoted, and made local leaders and ordinary people directly and indirectly contacted with Ming government and thus completely changed the situation of various ethnicities, separated regimes, unceasingly conflicts, only made the government northwest area the Tibetans unified but not integrated before Yuan and Ming Dynasty. They not exert an influence on the ruling of Hetaomin, but also accelerated the officials of to submit to the Ming Dynasty as quickly as possible.