刘家峡库区景观空间格局分析

Analysis on the spatial pattern of landscape in Liujiaxia Reservoir Area

为了给研究区域农业生产的合理布局及生态恢复方案提供依据,以刘家峡库区北部东乡县典型小流域碾子沟和库区南部积石山县典型小流域三坪沟为研究对象,采用野外调查和遥感解译的方法,利用ArcGIS、ArcView等软件对航摄地形图进行目视解译,分析土地利用结构、人工干扰方式和强度等对景观空间格局的影响特征。结果表明:1)库区南北景观基质均为未利用土地(主要指荒沟荒坡),土地利用难度大;2)库区北部景观斑块特征较南部复杂,南部较北部更适合农业生产;3)库区南部景观多样性较北部高,景观类型丰富,而库区北部由于降水少,景观总体受人类活动干扰小,连通性高;4)在土地利用结构和农村产业结构调整方面,库区南部应以加强复合生态农林业生产为主,北部应加强陡坡退耕种草、农牧业协同发展,并实行封育保护,促进生态环境恢复。

In order to provide the basis for the layout of agricultural production and ecological recovery plan, Nianzigou typical small watershed in Dongxiang County in the north of Liujiaxia Reservoir and Sanpinggou typical small watershed in Jishishan County in south of Liujiaxia Reservioir were researched in this paper. Combined with field investigation, aerial photo were interpreted by ArcGIS and ArcView, impact of land use pattern, the way and intensity of artificial interference on landscape spatial pattern were analysed. The results showed that ： 1 ） The landscape matrix in north and south of Liujiaxia Reservoir were waste hillside and gully. It is difficult to make use of this land. 2） Characteristics of landscape patch in north of reservoir area was more complex than the south, so ecological condition in south of the reservoir area was suitable for agricultural production. 3） Landscape diversity in south of the reservoir area was higher and landscape types was richer than the north, however, landscape in north of the reservoir area was less interfered by human activities than south and higher connectivity because of less precipitation. 4） In terms of adjusting land use structure and rural industrial structure, composite ecological agriculture and forestry production could be proposed in south of the reservoir area and grain for grass in steep slope, developing agriculture and husbandry cooperatively and closing management could be proposed to accelerate ecological restoration.