免疫算法在桥梁监测传感器优化配置中的应用

Optimal Sensor Placement for Bridge Structural Health Monitoring Based on Immune Algorithm

为了用尽可能少的传感器获取尽可能多的全面反映桥梁健康状况的信息,提出了基于免疫算法的桥梁结构健康监测传感器优化配置方法.该算法以桥梁模态分析后所得的模态置信度矩阵作为目标函数,采用整数编码方式产生初始抗体群,以亲和度为基础对抗体进行选择及评价,采取精英保留策略更新记忆库,对抗体进行免疫操作产生新群体.结果表明,与遗传算法相比,免疫算法收敛速度快、精度高,可以实现桥梁结构健康监测传感器优化配置.

In order to gain more information to reflect bridge health status with less sensors, immune algo- rithm is applied to optimizing sensor placement for bridge structural health monitoring. The algorithm takes modal assurance criterion matrix obtained from bridge modal analysis as target function, uses integer coding method to produce the initial antibody population, selects and evaluates antibody by the affinity, takes elite reserve strategy to update the memory bank and produces the new population by immune opera- tion. The results reveal that, compared with genetic algorithm（GA）, immune algorithm（IA）shows rapid convergence and high precision, and can achieve optimal sensor placement for bridge structural health moni- toring.