生物标志物技术在莱州湾污染评价中的应用

Application of biomarker technology to evaluate the marine pollution in Laizhou Bay

以斑尾刺虾虎鱼(Acanthogobius ommaturus)肝脏内6种酶(超氧化物歧化酶,SOD;丙二醛,MDA;过氧化氢酶,CAT;谷胱甘肽还原酶,GR;谷胱甘肽S-转移酶,GST;谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶,GPx)作为生物标记物,同时引入生物标志物综合响应指数(IBR),结合沉积物数据评价了莱州湾水质污染状况。结果显示,3种酶分别与沉积物中重金属浓度相关性较高:即SOD与重金属Pb浓度有较强相关性,GR与重金属Pb、Cr浓度为负相关,GPx与重金属Hg、Cu浓度为中等程度负相关。近岸的河口、港口附近所调查站位生物标志物活力(含量)普遍偏高,而远离河口、港口海域的站位相应的生物标志物活力(含量)偏低。生物标志物综合响应指数(IBR)范围在0.42～6.10之间,平均为2.12,最高值站位在龙口港西南,而最低值站位在湾内北部中央,表明在湾内东北部、黄河口及近南岸海域3个区域中IBR值均呈现出由近岸向湾中央逐渐减小的趋势。

Six enzymes （ SOD, MDA, CAT, GR, GST and GPx） in the liver of Acanthogobius ommaturus were measured as biomarkers, and integrated biomarker response （IBR） was introduced. Combining with the indexs in the surface sediments, the pollution condition of Laizhou Bay was evaluated. Results showed that three enzymes were highly correlated with heavy metal concentrations in the sediment：SOD was highly correlated with Pb concentration, GR was negatively correlated with Pb, Cr concentrations and GPx showed mediumly negative correlation with Hg and Cu concentrations. Biomarker vitality （content） in some stations near the estuary or harbor were higher,and others away were lower. The IBR value ranged from 0.42 to 6.10 and the averabe was 2.12, and the site with the highest value was at the southwest of Longkou Port and the lowest value was in the north centre of the Laizhou Bay. The results showed that the IBR value was becoming smaller from nearshore site to the centre of the bay in the three areas （ the northwest of the bay, the estuary of Huanghe River and the area near south bank）.