海拔对水稻产量和品质的影响研究进展

Advances in the Research of Elevation on Rice Yield and Quality

为了丰富水稻立体栽培理论,更好地推动高海拔区水稻的生产,综述了海拔对水稻生长发育、产量及构成因素和各稻米品质的研究,发现随海拔的升高,水稻生长所需的积温减少,水稻全生育期会延长,分蘖期推迟,结实率降低,产量、有效穗数和穗粒数随着海拔的升高先增后减;稻米品质方面,整精米率和垩白受海拔影响较大,随海拔升高,整精米率有明显增加,垩白粒率有明显下降趋势。关于海拔对稻米蒸煮食味的影响研究存在较大差异,今后还需进一步研究。

In order to enrich the three-dimensional cultivation theory of rice and promote the production of rice in high-altitude areas, the impact of elevation on the rice growth, yield and its components and quality was summarized in this article. The results showed that： with the elevation increase, accumulated temperature required for the growth of rice decreased, the whole growth period of rice extended, the tillering stage postponed and the seed setting rate reduced. Yield, effective panicles and grains per spike decreased after increasing with increasing elevation. In terms of quality of rice, elevation had greater impact on the milled rice rate and chalkiness. The milled rice rate had significant increase and chalky grain rate had a clear downward trend with the elevation increase. There was large difference in the studies between elevation and cooking and eating qualities, which needed to be further studied in the future.