晋西幼龄苹果×大豆间作的土壤中水分、养分空间分布特征及对大豆的影响

Spatial Distribution of Soil Moisture and Soil Nutrients and the Effects of Young Apple-soybean Intercropping System on Soybean in the Loess Plateau of West Shanxi Province

为了研究幼龄苹果(Malus pumila)×大豆(Glycine max)间作系统中土壤水分、养分的空间分布特征及其对大豆生长和产量的影响,选取晋西黄土地区具有典型代表性的幼龄苹果×大豆间作模式作为研究对象,对苹果×大豆间作系统及大豆单作系统(对照)的土壤水分、养分含量进行了定位监测。结果表明:(1)在垂直方向上,土壤水分含量随着土壤深度的增加而逐渐增加,土壤养分含量随着土壤深度的增加而逐渐减小;(2)在水平方向上,随着与树行距离的增加,土壤水分含量呈现递增的分布特征,土壤养分含量呈现高低高的分布特征;(3)与大豆单作系统相比,间作系统的土壤水分、养分含量出现不同程度的降低,整体上均表现为负效应;(4)苹果×大豆间作系统中苹果树与大豆间的土壤水分、养分竞争对大豆植株生长发育造成了较大影响,土壤水分含量、速效磷含量和全氮含量是影响大豆产量的主要因素,影响的主要区域在苹果树行两侧1.5m的范围内;(5)建议采取适当的调控和管理措施缓解种间水肥竞争提高大豆的产量,以获取更多的经济收益。

In order to investigate the spatial distribution characteristics of soil moisture and soil nutrients in young apple （Malus pumila）-soybean （Glycine max） intercropping system and its influence on soybean growth and yield, young apple-soybean intercropping pattern which was typical and representative in loess region of west Shanxi Province was studied and soil moisture and soil nutrients in apple-soybean intercropping system and soybean monocuhure system were monitored separately for comparison. The results showed that： （1） in vertical direction, with the increase of soil depth, soil moisture increased while soil nutrients decreased; （2） in horizontal direction, with the increase of distance between crops and trees, soil moisture increased while the distribution of soil nutrients was high-low-high; （3） compared with soybean monoculture system, soil moisture and soil nutrients in intercropping system were both lower. It had negative effect in general; （4） the competition for soil moisture and soil nutrients between apple tree and soybean in apple-soybean intercropping system had a great influence on soybean growth. Soil moisture content, available phosphorus content and total nitrogen content were main factors influencing soybean yield and the range of main influence scope were 1.5 m from the apple tree; （5） in order to achieve more economic benefits, appropriate regulation and management measures should be taken to alleviate competition for soil moisture and soil nutrients between species and to increase soybean yield.