湘中南地区烟稻轮作条件下烟草作物的施肥效应与肥料效应函数研究

Fertilizer Effect and Fertilizer Response Equation of Tobacco Crops Under Tobacco-rice Rotation System in Southern and Central Hunan

为了建立适合湘中南双季稻地区烟稻轮作制条件下烤烟作物的平衡施肥模型,确定烟草的合理施肥量,运用联合国粮农组织（FAO＂）3414＂试验方案,稍作修改,通过田间小区试验,探讨湘中南双季稻地区烟稻轮作制条件下烤烟作物施用氮磷钾肥的增产效应及其最佳施肥量,以为烤烟作物的科学施肥提供科学依据和技术支撑。结果表明：烤烟作物的地力贡献较小,无肥区产量仅占氮磷钾平衡施肥处理（处理6）产量的34.6%~39.4%;增产效果居首位的是氮肥,农大,永州,常宁3个试验点分别增产719.6kg/hm2、1109.7kg/hm2和441.0kg/hm2;运用＂3414＂试验设计方案得到的各试验点的二元二次肥料效应模型拟合均不成功,农大点推荐施肥宜使用一元二次方程模型,据此所得最佳施肥量分别为N 159.8kg/hm2,P2O 586.1kg/hm2,K2O 152.2kg/hm2;永州点推荐施肥宜使用三元二次方程模型,据此所得最佳施肥量分别为N 175.2kg/hm2,P2O5 52.1kg/hm2,K2O 278.3kg/hm2;常宁点推荐施肥宜使用一元二次方程模型,据此所得最佳施肥量分别为N 178.7kg/hm2,P2O5 107.8kg/hm2,K2O 279.2kg/hm2;综合各函数的最佳施肥量得到湘中南双季稻地区的烟草作物的施肥决策：烤烟作物对氮、磷、钾养分的最佳产量施肥量为N 172.2kg/hm2,P2O5 93.3kg/hm2,K2O 300.0kg/hm2。

The purpose of the study is to establish effect function models of N, P, K fertilizer balanced application on the flue-cured tobacco crops under the tol：~acco-rice rotation system area of Southern and Central Hunan, and to determine the reasonable fertilization rate of tobacco, by using the design of ＂3414＂ experiment suggested by FAO with some modification, the field plot experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of different applying rate of N, P and K fertilizer on the flue-cured tobacco crops under the tobacco-rice rotation system area of Southern and Central Hunan, and to estimate the optimum fertilization rate for the scientific and reasonable fertilization recommendation. The results showed that, the native contribution of tobacco soil for production of flue-cured tobacco was much smaller, and the economic product yield of flue-cured tobacco of no fertilizer plot only accounts for 36.4%-39.4% that of the balanced NPK fertilization plot （treatment 6）. In this study, the fertilizer which had the largest increasing production for economic yield was nitrogen, which had the increased production was 719.6 kg/hm2, 1109.7 kg/hm2 and 441.0 kg/hm2 in Nongda, Yongzhou and Changning site, respectively. The data of ＂3414＂ experiment at three experiment sites could not be fitted in with the binary quadratic fertilizer response function successfully, one-place quadratic fertilizer response function could be used at Nongda experiment site, and its optimum fertilization rate in this experiment condition were N 159.8 kg/hm2, P2O5 86.1 kg/hm2 and K20 152.2 kg/hm2 respectively. Terrnary quadratic fertilizer response function could be used at Yongzhou experiment site, and its optimum fertilization rate in this experiment condition was N 175.2 kg/hm2, P205 52.1 kg/hm2 and K20 278.3 kg/hm2 respectively. One-place quadratic fertilizer response function could be recommended at Changning experiment site, and its optimum fertilization rate in this experiment condition was N 178.7 kg/hm2, P205 107.8 kg/hm2 and K2O 279.2 kg/hm2, respectively. By summarizing the data of the above ＂3414＂ experiment, the optimum fertilization parametes of tobacco plants fertilization decision could be obtained and the optimum fertilization rate of N, P and K were N 172.2 kg/hm2, P205 93.3 kg/hm2, K2O 300.0 kg/hm2 in double cropping rice area of the South Central of Hunan, respectively.