稳定性长效氮肥对春玉米产量与效益的影响

Effect of Stable Long-acting Nitrogen Fertilizer on Yield and Efficiency of Spring Maize

为探索氯化铵与稳定性长效氯化铵在延长肥效,提高作物产量和较少或免去追肥等方面的作用,以稳定性长效氯化铵为材料,对其在山西榆次春玉米的产量与效益进行了研究。试验结果表明:在施入农民习惯施肥量时,与普通氯化铵相比,长效氯化铵通过改善产量构成因素显著增加玉米产量1132kg/hm2,增加经济效益2804元/hm2,总吸氮量、氮肥利用率和氮肥农学效率分别提高了80.44kg/hm2、33.52%和4.72kg/kg;施氮量减少10%的长效氯化铵处理仍可与普通氯化铵常规施肥处理的玉米产量相当,并可增加经济效益308元/hm2,且总吸氮量、氮肥利用率和氮肥农学效率均有所提高;施氮量减少15%的长效氯化铵会使产量显著降低。综合经济效益和生态效益,可将稳定性长效氮肥减施10%作为当地推荐的施肥量。

With the stable long-acting nitrogen fertilizer as the material of the experiment, the effect on the yield and efficiency of spring maize was studied in Yuci, Shanxi Province to explore the role of the long-acting ammonium chloride in prolonging fertilizer efficiency, improving crop yields and reducing the topdressing times. The results showed that, when the farmers＇ conventional amount of fertilizer was applied the long-acting ammonium chloride significantly increased maize yield of 1132 kg/hm2 by improving yield components, increased economic benefit of 2804 yuan/hm2, and total nitrogen uptake, nitrogen use efficiency and agronomic efficiency respectively enhanced by 80.44 kg/hm2, 33.52% and 4.72 kg/kg compared with the treatment of ordinary ammonium chloride of conventional amount. The maize yield of the treatment that 90% of the amount of long-acting ammonium chloride fertilizer was applied had no significant difference with the yield of ammonium chloride of conventional fertilization, and could increase economic benefit of 308 yuan/hm2, and total nitrogen uptake, nitrogen use efficiency and agronomic efficiency were also improved while the maize yield of the treatment that 85% of the amount of long-acting ammonium chloride fertilizer was applied made the yield significantly reduced. Taking economic and ecological benefits into account, 90% of the amount of long-acting nitrogen fertilizer could be served as the recommended amount of fertilizer in spring maize of the local.