从2011年山西玉米区试结果谈中国的玉米区试制度

Talk About Maize Regional Trial System of China in Accordance with the Regional Trial Results of Shanxi in 2011

为了使玉米新品种在其最适合的区域尽快推广,从不同的角度只对参试品种增产或增产超过5%的试验点的产量进行考察的方法来分析2011年山西玉米区试结果。如中晚熟区(4200密度组),参试品种各个试验点的产量平均大于5%的比例为0,只统计参试品种大于对照5%试验点的产量其品种比例为100%。如中晚熟预备试验(3500密度组)来说,参试品种各个试验点的产量平均大于5%的比例为19.4%,用增产5%的点平均比例可达69.4%。结果表明,审定的品种数量要增多,但各个品种所能推广的区域将缩小,最终带来的是玉米产量的大幅度提高。这就得改变中国现在实行的玉米区试制度,为玉米新品种的推广提供新的思路。或者改变区试点产量的统计方式,或者可以借鉴国外的品种登记制度,实行品种登记制度和品种销售保证金制度同时进行的办法。这有利于鼓励和督促企业保证所销售的品种在生产上的丰产性和适应性,使中国的玉米产业良性发展。

In order to promote maize new varieties rapidly in the most suitable area, we analyzed the results ot Shanxi Province maize regional trial in 2011 from different angles with the methods of investigating the yield of these test point with varieties increasing production or increasing yield more than 5%. Such as in the late-maturing areas （4200 density group）, there was no variety with an average yield more than 5% at each test point. We statistic only the varieties with increasing yield more than 5% at each test point. The proportion of point with increasing yield was 100%. Such as in the late-maturing preliminary test （3500 density group）, the proportion of the tested varieties with average yield more than 5% at each test point was 19.4%, but the proportion of the test point with increasing yield was 69.4%. The results showed that, the number of authorized varieties increase and the promoting area of every variety shrink. It would raise our country maize yield on a large scale. This requires of maize regional trial system of China at present might be reformed and give new ideas for new varieties promotion or change the statistical way of regional trial yield. We also could learn from foreign variety registration system, carrying out variety registration system and variety＇ s sales margin system. It will help encourage and urge enterprises to ensure that the varieties they sale had the productivity and adaptability in production, to make the maize industry of China develop excellently.