以古代出水腐肉为例初步探讨古DNA的研究

Study on Ancient DNA of Ancient Meat from Shipwreck

古DNA在考古学研究中具有广泛的应用,现在已经成功地从骨骼、毛发、牙齿甚至粪石等古代遗存中提取古DNA进行相关的研究,但古DNA由于易受外源基因的污染影响,仍然存在许多的限制。为了对"南澳Ⅰ号"古沉船出水的古代腐肉样品进行分类鉴定,为考古分析提供更多的理论依据,本研究利用通用引物18S rDNA及动物组织线粒体(mtDNA 16S rDNA)采用梯度PCR方法对古代腐肉样品进行初步的扩增分析,扩增产物分别为500bp和400bp的条带,但对条带测序的结果不理想。经分析可能是样品饱水的特殊性易受外界环境污染,影响古DNA的提取及扩增,因此对于出水样品古DNA的研究需要更深入的试验设计。本项目通过对出水古代腐肉古DNA的研究方法及结果的探讨,将为以后更多的出水遗存材料的古DNA研究提供借鉴。

Since many studies have highlighted remains including bones, hair, teeth and even the feasibility of analyzing DNA from all type of ancient coprolithes. Therefore aDNA （ancient DNA） was widely investigated in archeaozoology research fields. However the study of aDNA was challenging due to the contamination by exogenous current DNA. In order to classification and identification of ancient meat from Nan＇ ao I shipwreck, the ancient DNA from the ancient meat of Nan＇ ao I shipwreck was extracted, and amplified by the universal primers of 18SrDNA and mtDNA 16S rRNA （animal tissue）. But the results were not reasonable. The saturated sample would be vulnerable to external environmental pollution, so that the sample was need for further research. Through the analysis of reference for the further research. the effects of experimental factors, this would provide