Gemini表面活性剂——二甘醇双马来酸十二烷基单乙醇胺双酯磺酸钠的合成与性能研究

Study on Synthesis and Properties of Gemini Surfactant-Diglycol Double Maleic Acid Dodecyl Mono Ethanolamine Diester Sodium Sulfonate

采用二甘醇双马来酸单酯、十二烷基单乙醇胺(DMEA)和亚硫酸氢钠为主要原料合成了一种新型Gemini表面活性剂——二甘醇双马来酸十二烷基单乙醇胺双酯磺酸钠(GMI-M),优化得到的各步单元反应的较优工艺条件为:二甘醇双马来酸单酯与十二烷基单乙醇胺酯化反应,反应温度为130℃,反应时间为5h,单酯与DMEA的摩尔比为1∶2.10,催化剂(硼酸)用量为物料总量1.60%(质量分数);磺化反应,反应温度为85℃,反应时间为4h,双酯与亚硫酸氢钠摩尔比为1∶2.10。测定了终产物GMI-M的表面活性及防沾色性能,其表面张力σ(γcmc)为31.17mN/m,临界胶束浓度(CMC)为3.66×10-4 mol/L;相对传统表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)和平平加O-25,GMI-M具有较好的表面活性和防沾色性;但相对常见防沾色剂AA-MA和PVP,其防沾色性略逊。

This study synthesizes a new Gemini surfactant-diglycol double maleic acid dodecyl mono ethanolamine diester sodium sulfonate（GMI-M） with diglycol double maleic acid monoester, dodecyl mo- noethanolamine（DMEA） and sodium hydrogen sulfite as main raw materials. Optimal technological conditions for each elementary reaction obtained are as follows, diglycol double maleic acid monoester and dodecyl monoethanolamine have esterification reaction for 5 h at 130℃ with molar ratio of monoester and DMEA 1 ： 2.10 and the dosage of catalyst 1.60%（mass fraction） of the total amount of material; sulfonation reaction for 4h at 85℃ with molar ratio of double ester and sodium hydrogen sulfite 1 ： 2.10. This pa per measures the surface activity and anti-staining property of the end product GMI-M. Its surface tension σ（γcmc） is 31. 17 mN/m and critical micelle concentration（CMC） is 3.66 × 10^-4 mol/L. Relative to surface tension lauryl sodium sulfate（SDS） 0-25, GMI-M has a good surface activity and anti-staining property. However, relative to common anti-staining agent AA-MA and PVP, it has a poorer anti-staining property.