京津冀地区植物对灰霾空气中PM2.5等细颗粒物吸附能力分析

Evaluation of Adsorbing Haze PM2.5 Fine Particulate Matters with Plants in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region in China

本研究分析了京津冀地区种植的部分植物对灰霾空气中PM2.5等细颗粒物的吸附能力,结果表明,雾霾严重的冬季冬绿植物凤尾兰吸附细颗粒物质能力最强,单位面积附尘量比大叶黄杨高4.4倍,鲜重比大叶黄杨多吸附近2倍,干重多吸附2.8倍,但是,从叶片数目观察,大叶黄杨的叶片数明显占有优势.进一步探索了植物吸收同化灰霾空气中PM2.5等细颗粒物的分子机制,研究了玉米吸收空气中的氮氧化合物经同化作用合成自身所需物质的相关代谢途径及基因表达情况,发现玉米杂种后代F1与亲本相比有6个基因在吸收NOx后的相关代谢途径中上调,杂种优势育种符合这一定向选择,可以提高植物叶片表面积、提高氮代谢能力,是提高植物对灰霾空气中PM2.5等细颗粒物吸附的有效方法,对降低灰霾空气中对人体毒害大的NOx具有非常重要意义.

This paper investigated the abilities of plants to adsorb haze PM2.5 fine particulate matters in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region in China. The results indicated that winter green plant Yucca gloriosa L. possessed the strongest adsorption ability for fine particulate matters during the haze weather in winter. The amount of dust adsorption per unit area by Yucca gloriosa L. is 4.4 times that of Euonymus japonicus Thunb., and the amount of dust adsorption per gram fresh weight and dry weight of leaves is nearly two and 2.8 times higher than those of Euonymus japonicus Thunb., respectively. However, the number of leaves of Euonymus japonicus Thunb. is advantageous apparently. Furthermore, the mechanisms of adsorbing haze PM2.5 fine particulate matters by plants were also analyzed. After examining the gene expression and related metabolic pathways of maize for absorbing NOx, six genes in the metabolic pathways of maize F1 hybrids appeared to be up-regulated when compared with their parental lines. Utilization of plant hybrid heterosis may provide a new strategy for adsorbing haze PM2.5 fine particulate matters and reducing harmfulness of oxynitride （NOx） in the air since the hybrid plants possess larger leaf area and stronger metabolic ability of nitrogen.