山东沿海地区女性高血压流行病学特征的五年对比研究

Study on the five-year changes of female hypertension in Shandong Coastal Area

目的通过与2004年调查结果相比较,明确山东沿海地区成年女性高血压的患病情况及其影响因素。方法采用多阶段抽样的方法,调查青岛、烟台、威海、东营、日照年龄>20岁常住成年女性2 916人的高血压患病情况。结果 2009年女性高血压标化患病率为24.20%,与2004年相比差异无统计学意义(P=0.288);女性高血压患病率随年龄增长而升高(P<0.001)。该结论与2004年统计结果相一致;2009年女性正常组和高血压组的平均年龄、体质指数、腰围、甘油三酯、总胆固醇、血糖、血尿酸均较2004年显著升高(均有P<0.001);Logistic回归分析提示年龄、体质指数、腰围、脂代谢紊乱、血糖、血尿酸、食盐摄入以及高血压家族史为女性高血压的影响因素。结论女性高血压患病率较2004年无明显升高;减轻体重,改变生活方式,改善脂代谢紊乱,降低血糖、血尿酸水平等是女性控制血压的重要措施。

Objective To estimate the epidemiological tendency and relevant factors for female hypertension in the Shandong coastal Cities of eastern China in 2009 compared with those in 2004. Methods A random stratified cluster sam- piing of adults aged 20 years or older was conducted, and 2 916 female inhabitants were investigated in five Chinese cities （Qingdao, Yantai, Weihai, Dongying and Rizhao）. Results The standardized prevalence rate of hypertension was 24. 20% in 2009, which did not increase significantly （P = 0. 288） compared with that in 2004. The female hypertension prevalence grew up with age （ P 〈 0. 001 ）. In contrast with 2004, the average age, body mass index, waist circumference, total cholesterol, triglyceride, uric acid and blood glucose were elevated significantly （P 〈 0. 001 ） in 2009. Logistic re- gression analysis showed that age, overweight status or obesity, abdominal obesity, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, hyperuricemia, salt intake and family history were the relevant factors for female hypertension. Conclusions Compared with 2004, the female prevalence of hypertension did not increase significantly in 2009. Losing weight, changing living habits, ameliorating dyslipidemia, and controlling blood glucose and uric acid levels were important measures for blood pressure regulation.